Quantitative analysis of dysprosium in coated NdFeB used magnets by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for sorting prior to recycling

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI:10.1016/j.sab.2025.107123

J.-B. Sirven , C. Quéré , J. Maisonneuve , B. Richebé

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Abstract

Permanent magnets containing strategic rare earth elements (REE) such as Nd, Pr or Dy are being used more and more around the world, and their recycling is becoming a major stake in a context of virtual monopoly of China on the production of REEs. This paper addresses the sorting of solid used NdFeB magnets upstream of a recycling process. Dysprosium was chosen as representative of heavy REEs, and the LIBS technique was selected to perform online quantitative analysis under a residual coating or oxidation layer when present.

The studies were carried out using two different LIBS systems. The first one was a commercial laboratory equipment with a short-range working distance of 30 cm. Laser ablation conditions were optimized based on the LIBS signal intensity and stability, on the shot-to-shot signal evolution, and on the quality of the calibration curve. This led to 60 pre-ablation shots and 40 analysis shots. Under these conditions, we showed the feasibility of quantifying the dysprosium content under a depth of 35 to 60 μm with a relative uncertainty of less than 10 % at 95 % confidence.

The second LIBS system was a homemade setup designed to make measurements at 1 m distance, a working range representative of a possible online implementation above a conveyor belt. The ablation efficiency of this system was found much too low, but it was considerably increased by using the laser in the free-running mode. In the standard Q-switched mode, the results also showed the feasibility of quantifying dysprosium with uncertainties of the same order than with the short-range equipment.

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来源期刊

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 物理-光谱学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

12.10%

发文量

173

审稿时长

81 days

期刊介绍： Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, is intended for the rapid publication of both original work and reviews in the following fields: Atomic Emission (AES), Atomic Absorption (AAS) and Atomic Fluorescence (AFS) spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry (MS) for inorganic analysis covering Spark Source (SS-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS), Glow Discharge (GD-MS), and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Laser induced atomic spectroscopy for inorganic analysis, including non-linear optical laser spectroscopy, covering Laser Enhanced Ionization (LEI), Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RIS) and Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS); Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS); Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS), Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-AES) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). X-ray spectrometry, X-ray Optics and Microanalysis, including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and related techniques, in particular Total-reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (TXRF), and Synchrotron Radiation-excited Total reflection XRF (SR-TXRF). Manuscripts dealing with (i) fundamentals, (ii) methodology development, (iii)instrumentation, and (iv) applications, can be submitted for publication.