The influence of anaesthesia drugs on puppy vitality after caesarean section: a systematic review

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.vaa.2024.11.007

Victoria Navarro-Altuna, Sandra Purwin, Elisabeth Ranninger

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To review and systematically analyse the literature describing the effects of anaesthesia drugs on puppy vitality scores or survival in dogs undergoing caesarean section.

Animals

Overall 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1978 puppies were included.

Methods

A comprehensive search using PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases was performed from 1970 until September 2024 to obtain nonrandomized and RCTs examining the effects of anaesthetics on puppy survival rates or vitality scores after caesarean section in dogs. Only studies in English were screened. Search terms included: ‘c-section’ or ‘caesarean section’ and ‘anaesthesia’ and ‘dog’. Two authors independently searched, classified and extracted the data. Studies were included if they evaluated the effects of anaesthesia drugs in dogs undergoing general anaesthesia and puppy survival or vitality scores. The level of evidence was scored according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria, and a modified criterion score was used to assess the risk of bias based on the SYRCLE risk of bias tool and the SIGN checklists.

Results

Methodological characteristics varied considerably between studies, including drug doses, titration of anaesthetics, anaesthesia monitoring and puppy outcome scores. Ten studies assessed puppy vitality by using a modified Apgar score (AS). A high risk of bias was identified in six studies, whereas three had a low risk of bias. The scarcity of methodologically consistent studies and the quality of data limit identification of an optimal anaesthetic regimen to improve puppy survival. Low doses of morphine, methadone, dexmedetomidine or meloxicam preoperatively did not produce a significant impact on puppy vitality. Ketamine-midazolam, etomidate or thiopental appear to worsen immediate neonatal outcomes. No difference in neonatal survival was found between alfaxalone and propofol, but AS were higher with alfaxalone than with propofol immediately after birth.

Conclusions

The use of injectable anaesthetics for maintenance of anaesthesia led to lower puppy vitality.

查看原文本刊更多论文

麻醉药物对剖宫产后幼犬活力的影响：系统综述。

目的：回顾和系统分析麻醉药物对剖宫产犬幼犬活力评分或存活率影响的文献。动物：共纳入13项随机对照试验（RCTs），涉及1978只幼犬。方法：从1970年到2024年9月，对PubMed、Embase和Scopus数据库进行综合检索，获得非随机和随机对照试验，研究麻醉对犬剖宫产术后幼犬存活率或活力评分的影响。只筛选了英语研究。搜索词包括：“剖腹产”或“剖腹产”、“麻醉”和“狗”。两位作者独立搜索、分类和提取数据。如果研究评估麻醉药物对接受全身麻醉的狗的影响，以及幼犬的生存或活力评分，则纳入研究。根据牛津循证医学中心标准对证据水平进行评分，并根据sycle偏倚风险工具和SIGN核对表使用修改后的标准评分来评估偏倚风险。结果：不同研究的方法学特征差异很大，包括药物剂量、麻醉滴定、麻醉监测和幼犬结局评分。10项研究使用改良的Apgar评分（AS）评估幼犬活力。在6项研究中发现了高偏倚风险，而3项研究发现了低偏倚风险。缺乏方法学上一致的研究和数据质量限制了最佳麻醉方案的确定，以提高幼犬的存活率。术前低剂量吗啡、美沙酮、右美托咪定或美洛昔康对幼犬活力没有显著影响。氯胺酮-咪达唑仑、依托咪酯或硫喷妥似乎会恶化新生儿的直接预后。alfaxone和异丙酚在新生儿存活率方面没有差异，但出生后立即使用alfaxone的AS高于使用异丙酚。结论：使用注射麻醉剂维持麻醉状态导致幼犬活力下降。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

17.60%

发文量

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome: the basic sciences; pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management equipment intensive care chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals welfare issues associated with pain and distress education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia. Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.