Kelsea A Sholty, Arsineh Hecobian, Amy P Sullivan, Jeffrey L Collett, Drew W Koch, Eileen S Hackett
{"title":"Equine upper airway laser surgery generates plumes containing hazardous components.","authors":"Kelsea A Sholty, Arsineh Hecobian, Amy P Sullivan, Jeffrey L Collett, Drew W Koch, Eileen S Hackett","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0338","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate plume composition during simulated diode laser equine upper airway surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 980-nm diode laser fiber was applied in continuous-wave mode in contact with laryngeal and pharyngeal tissues of 6 equine cadaver heads, and resultant plumes were collected for analysis. Measured parameters included the real-time concentration of particulate matter under the size of 2.5 μm (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visible smoke was encountered during surgical laser application and plume collection. Diode laser median activation time was 326 seconds (IQR, 116 to 387 seconds), and median energy was 8,099 J (IQR, 2,721 to 9,110 J). Mean real-time PM2.5 concentrations during laser procedures exceeded 5 mg/m3 throughout. Organic carbon concentrations were much higher than EC concentrations in the surgical plume, with a median OC/EC ratio of 422. Fifty-five individual VOCs were identified. All measured surgical plume components were higher than control samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evaluation of surgical plumes collected during simulated upper airway diode laser surgery revealed high levels of harmful fine particulate matter PM2.5 exceeding Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards. Increased OC and OC/EC ratio were also observed. Surgical plumes contained VOCs, including the known carcinogenic compounds benzene and toluene.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These data suggest the need for mitigation strategies, such as specialized masks or local exhaust ventilation, to decrease the exposure of personnel to plumes generated during equine upper airway laser surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0338","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/4/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"Print","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate plume composition during simulated diode laser equine upper airway surgery.
Methods: A 980-nm diode laser fiber was applied in continuous-wave mode in contact with laryngeal and pharyngeal tissues of 6 equine cadaver heads, and resultant plumes were collected for analysis. Measured parameters included the real-time concentration of particulate matter under the size of 2.5 μm (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Results: Visible smoke was encountered during surgical laser application and plume collection. Diode laser median activation time was 326 seconds (IQR, 116 to 387 seconds), and median energy was 8,099 J (IQR, 2,721 to 9,110 J). Mean real-time PM2.5 concentrations during laser procedures exceeded 5 mg/m3 throughout. Organic carbon concentrations were much higher than EC concentrations in the surgical plume, with a median OC/EC ratio of 422. Fifty-five individual VOCs were identified. All measured surgical plume components were higher than control samples.
Conclusions: The evaluation of surgical plumes collected during simulated upper airway diode laser surgery revealed high levels of harmful fine particulate matter PM2.5 exceeding Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards. Increased OC and OC/EC ratio were also observed. Surgical plumes contained VOCs, including the known carcinogenic compounds benzene and toluene.
Clinical relevance: These data suggest the need for mitigation strategies, such as specialized masks or local exhaust ventilation, to decrease the exposure of personnel to plumes generated during equine upper airway laser surgery.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
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