Increasing Trends of Shallow Groundwater Warming in Vienna's Urban Aquifers

IF 3.2 3区 地球科学 Q1 Environmental Science
Eva Kaminsky, Gregor Laaha, Cornelia Steiner, Eszter Buga-Nyéki, Constanze Englisch, Christian Griebler, Christine Stumpp
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Abstract

Shallow groundwater in many cities around the world is subject to elevated temperatures that pose a risk to the groundwater quality and ecosystems. The objective of this study is to assess the suitability of different trend estimation methods for groundwater temperature and to specifically investigate the spatio-temporal long-term changes of water temperature in the urban groundwater of Vienna. Twenty-year data records (2001–2020) from different sources were used to assess changes in air, soil, river and groundwater temperature regarding their annual mean and extreme percentile values. The effects of data quality, different trend methods, and various time periods of analysis were investigated. Block bootstrapping in combination with the Mann–Kendall trend test was found to be a suitable method for determining the significance of mean trends if the time-series are short (10 years), as the underlying assumptions are lowest among all approaches. Between 2001 and 2020, the average annual temperature in Vienna increased by 0.9 K/decade for shallow groundwater and by 0.8 K/decade for air. However, the increase is not linear and has intensified in the later decade with an increase of 1.4 K/decade. The trends in extreme temperatures, represented by the lower (cold) / upper (warm) 10th percentile of air, soil and groundwater temperatures in the quantile regression, show the strongest increase in the lower 10th percentile of all air and soil temperatures. For groundwater, these extreme value trends are site-specific and influenced by urban infrastructure and the interaction of groundwater with river water. These results underline the importance of spatially and temporally high-resolution data and highlight the need for site-specific aquifer characterisation for the sustainable use of shallow geothermal energy for heating and cooling. The trend of GWT rise in the urban aquifer needs to be considered in water management to avoid possible negative consequences for water quality and ecology.

Abstract Image

维也纳城市含水层浅层地下水变暖的增加趋势
世界上许多城市的浅层地下水受到温度升高的影响,这对地下水质量和生态系统构成了威胁。本研究的目的是评价不同趋势估计方法对地下水温度的适用性,并具体探讨维也纳城市地下水水温的时空长期变化。利用不同来源的20年数据记录(2001-2020年)来评估空气、土壤、河流和地下水温度的年平均值和极端百分位数的变化。研究了数据质量、不同趋势方法和不同分析时间段的影响。如果时间序列较短(10年),块自举结合Mann-Kendall趋势检验被发现是确定平均趋势显著性的合适方法,因为所有方法中潜在的假设是最低的。2001年至2020年间,维也纳浅层地下水的年平均温度增加了0.9 K/ 10年,空气的年平均温度增加了0.8 K/ 10年。但是,这种增加不是线性的,在以后的十年中增加了1.4 K/ 10年。以空气、土壤和地下水温度较低(冷)/较高(暖)第10百分位为代表的极端温度趋势表明,在所有空气和土壤温度中,较低的第10百分位的上升幅度最大。对于地下水,这些极值趋势是特定地点的,受城市基础设施和地下水与河水相互作用的影响。这些结果强调了空间和时间高分辨率数据的重要性,并强调了对特定地点的含水层特征的需求,以便可持续地利用浅层地热能进行供暖和制冷。在水资源管理中需要考虑城市含水层的GWT上升趋势,以避免可能对水质和生态造成的负面影响。
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来源期刊
Hydrological Processes
Hydrological Processes 环境科学-水资源
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
313
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Hydrological Processes is an international journal that publishes original scientific papers advancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying the movement and storage of water in the environment, and the interaction of water with geological, biogeochemical, atmospheric and ecological systems. Not all papers related to water resources are appropriate for submission to this journal; rather we seek papers that clearly articulate the role(s) of hydrological processes.
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