Comparison of voltage rise mitigation strategies for distribution networks with high photovoltaic penetration

Abstract

Contemporary distribution networks face increasing challenges due to the integration of variable distributed energy resources, particularly photovoltaic systems, which often lead to voltage deviations and reduced power quality. This study investigates the critical problem of voltage deviations caused by the integration of photovoltaic generation and addresses it by performing a comprehensive comparison of different voltage control strategies in terms of their viability and impact on power losses. The considered strategies include network reinforcement, component upgrades, generation-demand coordination, and inverter control techniques. Specifically, solutions such as shunt reactors, battery energy storage systems, line voltage regulators, transformers with on-load tap changers, double-fed lines, smart inverter control, and coordinated charging for electric vehicles are examined. Through the comparative analysis, the study provides insights into selecting the most suitable means and measures for mitigating voltage deviations in photovoltaic-rich distribution networks. Such information would assist distribution system operators in safely increasing the volume of photovoltaic generation in the power distribution networks. The reactive power control with smart inverters emerges as a viable option but may limit local generation and increase power losses. In addition, by contributing to the optimization of renewable energy integration, this work supports Sustainable Development Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and promotes cleaner, more reliable power distribution solutions.