Quinoid to benzenoid transition-driven glutathione sensing: Dual-emission carbon dots and smartphone-based ratiometric fluorescence analysis

IF 4.1 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Al-Montaser Bellah H. Ali , Ashraf M. Mahmoud , Yousef A. Bin Jardan , Aya M. Mostafa , James Barker , Mohamed M. El-Wekil
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Abstract

This study presents a novel and sensitive method for the determination of glutathione (GSH), a crucial antioxidant and cellular protectant, using dual blue/orange-emitting carbon dots (BOCDs) and phenolphthalein (PHP). The sensing system operates at pH 9.0, exploiting the unique optical properties of BOCDs with emission peaks at 420 nm and 570 nm. In alkaline conditions, PHP develops a pink color that selectively quenches the 570 nm emission of the CDs while leaving the 420 nm peak unaffected. Upon introduction of GSH, the quinoid structure of PHP is converted to its benzenoid form via Michael addition, resulting in the disappearance of the pink color and subsequent restoration of the 570 nm fluorescence. This mechanism, utilized for the first time in GSH detection, offers a distinct advantage over previous methods that primarily relied on GSH's complexation capabilities. The analytical capabilities of the BOCDs/PHP ratiometric probe were extensively evaluated through multiple spectroscopic methods to understand its sensing mechanism. Performance analysis revealed impressive analytical figures of merit: the method exhibited strong linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985, provided sensitive detection across a broad concentration range from 0.01 to 8.0 μM, and achieved a remarkably low detection limit of 3.33 nM. The method's versatility was enhanced through the development of a dual-mode smartphone platform, enabling both colorimetric and fluorometric GSH detection. Practical validation using human serum samples demonstrated the method's robustness in complex biological matrices, achieving high recovery rates between 98.5 % and 101.0 %, confirming its suitability for real-world clinical applications. This novel strategy combines the sensitivity of ratiometric fluorescence with the convenience of smartphone-based detection, offering a promising tool for GSH monitoring in clinical and research settings.

Abstract Image

醌类到苯类过渡驱动谷胱甘肽传感:双发射碳点和基于智能手机的比例荧光分析
本文建立了一种利用双蓝/橙发射碳点(bocd)和酚酞(PHP)测定重要抗氧化剂和细胞保护剂谷胱甘肽(GSH)的新方法。该传感系统在pH为9.0的环境下工作,利用bocd独特的光学特性,发射峰位于420 nm和570 nm。在碱性条件下,PHP产生粉红色,选择性地淬灭CDs的570nm发射,而不影响420 nm峰值。引入GSH后,PHP的醌类结构通过Michael加成转化为苯类结构,导致粉红色消失,随后570 nm荧光恢复。这种机制首次用于谷胱甘肽检测,与以前主要依赖谷胱甘肽络合能力的方法相比,具有明显的优势。通过多种光谱方法对BOCDs/PHP比率探针的分析能力进行了广泛评估,以了解其传感机制。性能分析显示了令人印象深刻的分析数据:该方法具有很强的线性关系,相关系数为0.9985,在0.01 ~ 8.0 μM的宽浓度范围内提供了灵敏的检测,并且达到了3.33 nM的极低检测限。通过开发双模式智能手机平台,该方法的多功能性得到增强,可以同时进行比色法和荧光法GSH检测。使用人血清样本的实际验证表明,该方法在复杂的生物基质中具有稳健性,回收率在98.5%至101.0%之间,证实了其在实际临床应用中的适用性。这种新策略结合了比率荧光的灵敏度和基于智能手机的检测的便利性,为临床和研究环境中的谷胱甘肽监测提供了一种有前途的工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Talanta Open
Talanta Open Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
86
审稿时长
49 days
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