Update on the measurement of "soluble angiotensin converting enzyme 2" in plasma and its emerging significance as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular and kidney diseases: A concise commentary

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 HEMATOLOGY

Transfusion and Apheresis Science Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI:10.1016/j.transci.2025.104090

Jean Amiral, Rémy Ferol

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 has emerged as a major cell-surface enzyme receptor for controlling the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System. The SARS-Cov-2 pandemics has focused a major interest on that cell-surface receptor. It is the virus entry door for cell infection, and when inside it can replicate and lead to cell destruction. In some physio-pathological conditions, ADAM 17 and TMPSSR2 enzymes can cleave ACE2 on the cell surface and release its extra-cellular domain into the blood circulation. Measurement of this soluble protein then becomes possible, preferentially in plasma, but also in serum. Clinical studies have shown that Soluble ACE2 is an emerging biomarker for cardiovascular and kidney diseases and it could be of prognostic value for heart failure and kidney dysfunctions. In Covid-19 its diagnostic value is controversial, and the various studies lead to different conclusions. Many laboratory assays have been reported for the measurement of this biomarker. They concern enzymatic assays, aptamer methods, or immunoassays, either chemiluminescent or ELISA. Normal and pathological plasma concentrations reported with the various assays yet lack standardization and are very heterogenous. Recently introduced immunoassays tend to yield more compliant results despite variations due to the assay design and calibration, or the antibody targeted epitopes and reactivity. This article reports an ELISA designed with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies, obtained with recombinant ACE2 and calibrated with the recombinant protein in plasma. This assay has a global reactivity with the various ACE2 protein epitopes. Assay performance characteristics, and values measured in normal populations are presented. Availability of optimized ELISAs can contribute to a better harmonization of sACE2 measurements in plasma, and confirm its clinical significance as biomarker.

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来源期刊

Transfusion and Apheresis Science 医学-血液学

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

5.30%

发文量

181

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Transfusion and Apheresis Science brings comprehensive and up-to-date information to physicians and health care professionals involved in the rapidly changing fields of transfusion medicine, hemostasis and apheresis. The journal presents original articles relating to scientific and clinical studies in the areas of immunohematology, transfusion practice, bleeding and thrombotic disorders and both therapeutic and donor apheresis including hematopoietic stem cells. Topics covered include the collection and processing of blood, compatibility testing and guidelines for the use of blood products, as well as screening for and transmission of blood-borne diseases. All areas of apheresis - therapeutic and collection - are also addressed. We would like to specifically encourage allied health professionals in this area to submit manuscripts that relate to improved patient and donor care, technical aspects and educational issues. Transfusion and Apheresis Science features a "Theme" section which includes, in each issue, a group of papers designed to review a specific topic of current importance in transfusion and hemostasis for the discussion of topical issues specific to apheresis and focuses on the operators'' viewpoint. Another section is "What''s Happening" which provides informal reporting of activities in the field. In addition, brief case reports and Letters to the Editor, as well as reviews of meetings and events of general interest, and a listing of recent patents make the journal a complete source of information for practitioners of transfusion, hemostasis and apheresis science. Immediate dissemination of important information is ensured by the commitment of Transfusion and Apheresis Science to rapid publication of both symposia and submitted papers.