Green and eco-compatible synthesis of quinoxaline molecules using chitosan as a biodegradable catalyst in aqueous hydrotropic medium

Abstract

The development of green and sustainable methodologies for organic synthesis is an imperative step toward reducing the environmental impact of chemical processes. In this study, we present an efficient and eco-compatible method for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives using chitosan, a biodegradable and renewable catalyst, in an aqueous hydrotropic medium. Chitosan, derived from natural sources, acts as an effective biocatalyst, facilitating the reaction under mild conditions without hazardous organic solvents or harsh reagents. The use of a hydrotropic medium, specifically sodium toluene-4-sulfonate (NaPTS), enhances the solubility of reactants, leading to increased reaction rates and yields. This green approach provides significant advantages, including operational simplicity, low toxicity, and reduced waste generation. Moreover, the process is conducted in water, further promoting the sustainability of the reaction. The quinoxaline products obtained were characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques, confirming their structural integrity and purity. This method not only offers a greener alternative to traditional synthesis approaches but also aligns with the principles of green chemistry, making it suitable for large-scale applications in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.