Insights into the molecular mechanisms and nanoparticle-based therapies for gastric cancer: A review

Abstract

Gastric cancer is characterized by the abnormal development of cells in the intestinal lining and is listed as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Accurate detection continues to be difficult and conventional therapies, such as radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy, frequently encounter problems with poor absorption, toxicity, and a lack of specificity. This review aims to explore the role of nanoparticles in the prognosis and diagnosis of gastric cancer. We have analysed genomic pathways linked with gastric carcinoma and explored the utilisation of nanoparticles for multimodal imaging techniques, precise drug delivery and efficient therapeutic approaches. The use of nanoparticles has the advantage of increasing the effectiveness of treatment outcomes while reducing side effects. Moreover, they enable early detection through highly sensitive imaging techniques, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and disease monitoring. Nanoparticles enhance drug delivery in gastric cancer by enabling precise delivery to tumor sites, improving therapeutic precision, and reducing side effects. They also boost therapy outcomes by overcoming chemotherapy resistance and enabling co-delivery of multiple drugs. Preclinical studies indicate that treatments using nanoparticles demonstrated an increase in early detection and rise in treating diseases compared to traditional therapies. In summary, nanotechnology offers a promising approach in detecting and managing gastric cancer by providing highly efficient and minimally invasive techniques. Integrating nanoparticles into clinical practice can effectively address the limitations of current therapies and significantly improve patient outcomes.