Influenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage among adults hospitalised with acute respiratory infection in France: a prospective cohort study.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage (VC) among adults hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in France from 2016 to 2022 and to analyse factors associated with vaccination.

Methods: We analysed data from a prospective multicentre study, in adults hospitalised with SARI. A descriptive and comparative analysis of influenza and pneumococcal VCs was conducted, along with multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with vaccination.

Results: We included 4614 patients; 88% (4080/4614) had an indication for influenza vaccination. Among them, 2181/4080 (53%) were vaccinated against influenza. Factors associated with vaccination included age ≥65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.05; 95% CI 2.63 - 3.55), chronic respiratory diseases (aOR 1.38; 95% CI 1.20 - 1.59). Pneumococcal vaccination status was available for 90% (4142/4614) patients, among whom 71% (2920/4142) had an indication for vaccination. Pneumococcal VC was 19% (551/2920). Factors associated with vaccination were chronic respiratory disease (aOR 2.74; 95% CI 2.22 - 3.40) and immunocompromising conditions other than malignancies. VC for each vaccine did not increase overtime. Among 3247 patients eligible for both vaccines 13% received both.

Conclusion: In this high-risk population, VC was low, especially pneumococcal vaccines. Improved vaccination recommendation strategies and communication are needed.