Similar biogeographic patterns of abundant and rare bacterial communities are driven by distinct assembly mechanisms in grassland soils

Sihao Zhu, Bai Yue, Kun Liu, Ning Zhao
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Abstract

Background

The regional species pool and local community assembly processes shape the biogeographic patterns of soil bacterial community diversity. However, how community assembly mechanisms regulate biogeographic patterns in rare and abundant bacterial communities remains unclear.

Methods

Soil samples of 16 grassland habitats across the Inner Mongolian Plateau and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) transects were collected to investigate the variation of β-diversity in rare taxa (RT) and abundant taxa (AT). High-throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was implemented on an Illumina MiSeq platform.

Results

Significant distance-decay relationships of β-diversity in RT and AT were observed at transect and habitat scales, and the turnover rate increased from desert to meadow steppe in both taxa. For variations of β-diversity along environmental gradient, the regional species pool had a limited effect on both taxa except RT in QTP. Deterministic processes, including homogeneous selection (85.1%–97.3%) and heterogenous selection (48.1%–64.2%), dominated the assembly of RT at both the transect and habitat scales. In contrast, the assembly of AT exhibited habitat specificity and was dominated by homogeneous selection (47.2%–80.6%), heterogenous selection (42.1%–54.2%), and dispersal limitation (41.8%) in different transects and habitats. Moreover, the local assembly processes of the AT community were more stochastic than those of the RT community. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the dominant driver of community assembly at the transect scale, with extreme MAP (<200 or >400 mm) resulting in more deterministic processes and a moderate level of MAP (200–400 mm) leading to more stochastic processes. However, the effects of geographical distance and soil properties on different grassland habitats cannot be ignored.

Conclusions

Although both bacterial taxa exhibited significant distance-decay patterns, different assembly mechanisms shaped the β-diversity of AT and RT communities in grassland soils. Our results suggested that MAP can mediate community assembly of soil bacteria on a large scale.

Abstract Image

草地土壤中细菌群落丰富和稀少的生物地理格局是由不同的组装机制驱动的
土壤细菌群落多样性的生物地理格局由区域物种库和局部群落聚集过程决定。然而,群落组装机制如何调节稀有和丰富细菌群落的生物地理格局尚不清楚。方法收集内蒙古高原和青藏高原(QTP)样带16个草地生境的土壤样品,研究稀有类群(RT)和丰富类群(AT)中β-多样性的变化。在Illumina MiSeq平台上对16S rRNA基因扩增子进行高通量测序分析。结果在样带尺度和生境尺度上,青藏高原和荒漠草原β-多样性呈显著的距离衰减关系,两类群从荒漠到草甸草原的周转率均呈上升趋势。对于β-多样性沿环境梯度的变化,区域种库对QTP中除RT外的两个类群的影响都有限。在样带和生境尺度上,同质选择(85.1% ~ 97.3%)和异质选择(48.1% ~ 64.2%)的确定性过程占主导地位。不同样带和不同生境的AT组合表现出生境特异性,主要表现为同质选择(47.2% ~ 80.6%)、异质选择(42.1% ~ 54.2%)和扩散限制(41.8%)。此外,AT群落的局部装配过程比RT群落更具随机性。平均年降水量(MAP)是样带尺度上群落聚集的主要驱动力,极端年降水量(200或400 mm)导致确定性过程更强,中等年降水量(200 - 400 mm)导致随机过程更强。然而,地理距离和土壤性质对不同草地生境的影响是不可忽视的。结论虽然这两个细菌类群都表现出明显的距离衰减模式,但不同的组装机制决定了草地土壤AT和RT群落的β-多样性。我们的研究结果表明,MAP可以大规模地介导土壤细菌的群落组装。
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