Organoid intelligence and biocomputing advances: Current steps and future directions

Abstract

Organoid intelligence (OI) offers transformative potential across diverse fields, particularly in personalized medicine, biocomputing, and environmental sustainability. Here, we examine how the unique biological properties of organoids, which closely mimic human physiological processes, enable the development of advanced disease models, drug testing platforms, and sustainable bioengineered solutions. Researchers can address critical carbon capture, bioremediation, and pollution control challenges by integrating OI into computational systems. This review discusses the technological advancements that enable OI applications, including microfluidics, artificial intelligence, and electrophysiology while emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to foster reproducibility and scalability. Additionally, we address the ethical and legal considerations surrounding OI development, such as data privacy, potential misuse, and the emerging moral status of organoids with advanced cognitive-like properties. We highlight the Baltimore Declaration as a foundational framework for ensuring OI technologies align with ethical standards and societal benefits. OI's responsible advancement promises to revolutionize computational efficiency, improve healthcare outcomes, and address global challenges sustainably and equitably by fostering public engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and robust regulatory oversight.