Theranostic Near-Infrared Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (NMI) Protein Binding Interactions with MAOA and Albumin.

Abstract

Purpose: The protein binding interactions of near-infrared monoamine oxidase inhibitor (NMI) are reported here.

Methods: NMI-bound proteins were examined by fluorescent SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry using tumor tissues from brain and colon cancer mouse models.

Results: This study shows protein interactions with NMI, a chemical conjugate of MAOA inhibitor clorgyline and tumor-seeking dye, MHI-148. NMI fluorescence in MAOA knock-out (KO) mice was significantly lower compared to WT mice, including whole animal, organs, and tissue lysates which indicated that NMI binds to MAOA. Pure recombinant MAOA protein was detectable as a single fluorescent band that migrated at ~ 65kD. NMI inhibited MAOA activity (IC₅₀ 1-5 µM). In a glioma mouse model, NMI targeted specifically to tumor with high contrast to adjacent normal brain, shown by a 65 kD protein band. Recent studies demonstrated heptamethine cyanine dyes (e.g., MHI-148) interact with serum albumin, contributing to tumor uptake and cancer cell internalization. Our study shows NMI binds to albumin but highly prefers MAOA, providing a plausible mechanism for systemic drug delivery via serum albumin to the tumor target and subsequent MAOA inhibition. Further studies in a colon cancer mouse model found the ~ 65 kD SDS-PAGE band, bound to NMI, contained both MAOA and albumin proteins by mass spectrometry.

Conclusion: NMI was shown to interact with MAOA and the blood carrier protein, albumin. This study provides insights for drug delivery and protein target specificity of NMI to image and treat cancer.