Correlation of Serum Calcium and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with and without Periodontitis before and after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and correlate levels of serum calcium and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D) in subjects with periodontitis and in subjects with healthy periodontium before and following nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Materials and methods: A total of 52 patients were enrolled in the study with 26 patients in each group. The control group included patients without periodontitis, whereas the study group included patients with periodontitis. On the first visit, ~ 3-5 mL of venous blood was collected from all the participants for the assessment of calcium and Vitamin D levels in the blood. The various parameters evaluated included probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (Loe and Silness 1963). Plaque index (Silness and Loe 1964), and IOPA (site having greatest pocket depth). Participants of both the groups received NSPT which involved extensive scaling and root planing. On the second visit (after 3 months), the same clinical parameters except IOPA were recorded in all the participants. On the third visit (after 6 months from the first visit), the blood sample was again collected for the evaluation of serum calcium and Vitamin D, and all the parameters of baseline were recorded.

Result: The result of the study showed that Vitamin D levels at baseline were less in test subjects (12.73 ± 2.25) as compared to controls (17.81 ± 4.03), which improved at 6 months for the test group (24.53 ± 1.98) but not the control group (17.8 ± 4.14) following NSPT. All the clinical parameters improved for both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the calcium levels of both groups at baseline or 6 months.

Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were found to be lower in periodontitis patients than healthy controls, vitamin D levels improved in the test subjects along with the clinical parameters following NSPT highlighting the beneficial role of Vitamin D in maintaining periodontal health. No changes were seen in calcium levels in either of the groups at any point in time.

Clinical significance: Vitamin D can reduce the incidence and severity of periodontal disease by its various anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in addition to its traditional role in bone metabolism. Thus, maintaining adequate levels of systemic vitamin D could be critical to periodontal health. This study justifies this notion and further suggests the adjunctive role of vitamin D supplementation to improve therapeutic outcomes. How to cite this article: Wadhwa S, Saurav K, Arora SA, et al. Correlation of Serum Calcium and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with and without Periodontitis before and after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(11):1034-1038.