Sensory processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights into misophonia, and hyperacusis in a pediatric population

Abstract

Objective

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of misophonia and hyperacusis in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), focusing on gender differences and sensory processing challenges. The research further explores how these sensory sensitivities impact daily functioning and how they may differ across genders in a pediatric population.

Methods

A total of 60 children aged 2–12 years, diagnosed with ASD, intellectual disability, borderline intellectual functioning, or co-occurring ADHD, participated in the study. Parental consent was obtained, and parents completed the Misophonia Impact and Hyperacusis Impact Questionnaires, which assess the presence and severity of sound sensitivities. Data analysis included frequency distributions and Spearman's rank correlation to examine potential associations between age and the severity of sensory symptoms.

Results

The study found that 45 % of participants exhibited misophonia, and 38 % showed signs of hyperacusis. A slightly higher prevalence of misophonia and hyperacusis was observed in female participants (50 % and 43 %, respectively) compared to males (43 % and 37 %, respectively). No significant correlation was found between the age of participants and the severity of misophonia (r = 0.22, p > 0.05) or hyperacusis (r = 0.19, p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Misophonia and hyperacusis are prevalent sensory challenges among children with ASD, with a slightly higher occurrence in females. These findings suggest that sensory sensitivities persist across developmental stages and may be more pronounced in females. Early identification and gender-sensitive, sensory-focused interventions are critical for improving the quality of life and daily functioning of children with ASD. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms of these sensory sensitivities to enhance intervention strategies across diverse populations.