Normative Data for the Modified Location Learning Test (m-LLT) in the French-Quebec Population Aged Between 50 and 89 Years.

IF 2.1 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY
Alexandre St-Hilaire, Camille Fuduche, Florence Belzile, Joël Macoir, Carol Hudon
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to establish normative data for the modified Location Learning Test (m-LLT), considering sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, and educational level.

Materials and methods: One hundred eighty-nine middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 years and older were recruited from the French-speaking population in Quebec (Canada). The m-LLT procedure described by Kessels et al. (2006) was used. Percentiles were derived for performance scores (Trial 1, Total Displacement Score, Learning Index, Delayed Recall Displacements), stratified by sociodemographic characteristics where appropriate.

Results: Regarding the sex variable, the number of displacements in Trial 1 and for the Total Displacement Score were higher in men than in women. Age was positively associated with the Total Displacement Score and Delayed Recall Displacements and negatively associated with the Learning Index. Education was positively associated with the Learning Index and Delayed Recall Displacements. Two-thirds of the normative sample achieved a perfect score on the fifth and final learning trial.

Conclusions: Learning was better in women than in men, which may be explained by the use of verbal and nonverbal strategies and environmental awareness favoring women. The decline in learning and retrieval with age can be explained, among other reasons, by a less strategic approach during the encoding phase, a decline in other cognitive domains, or poorer imagery-based representations of the stimuli. The associations between education, strategic retrieval, and cognitive reserve are discussed. Overall, these normative data will enhance the detection of cognitive decline in geriatric clinical or research settings.

50 ~ 89岁法裔魁北克人口修正位置学习测试(m-LLT)的规范性数据
目的:在考虑年龄、性别、文化程度等社会人口学特征的基础上,为改进的位置学习测试(m-LLT)建立规范性数据。材料与方法:从加拿大魁北克省法语区招募年龄在50岁及以上的中老年人189例。采用Kessels等人(2006)描述的m-LLT程序。根据表现得分得出百分位数(试验1、总位移得分、学习指数、延迟回忆位移),并根据适当的社会人口统计学特征进行分层。结果:在性别变量方面,试验1中男性的移位次数和总移位评分高于女性。年龄与总位移值和延迟回忆位移值呈正相关,与学习指数负相关。教育程度与学习指数和延迟回忆位移呈正相关。三分之二的标准样本在第五次也是最后一次学习试验中取得了满分。结论:女性的学习能力优于男性,这可能与语言和非语言策略的使用以及有利于女性的环境意识有关。学习和检索能力随着年龄的增长而下降,除其他原因外,还可以通过编码阶段较少的策略方法、其他认知领域的下降或基于图像的刺激表征较差来解释。讨论了教育、策略检索和认知储备之间的关系。总的来说,这些规范数据将加强对老年临床或研究环境中认知衰退的检测。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
7.70%
发文量
358
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal publishes original contributions dealing with psychological aspects of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders arising out of dysfunction of the central nervous system. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology will also consider manuscripts involving the established principles of the profession of neuropsychology: (a) delivery and evaluation of services, (b) ethical and legal issues, and (c) approaches to education and training. Preference will be given to empirical reports and key reviews. Brief research reports, case studies, and commentaries on published articles (not exceeding two printed pages) will also be considered. At the discretion of the editor, rebuttals to commentaries may be invited. Occasional papers of a theoretical nature will be considered.
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