The role of delaminating agents on the structure, morphology, bonding and electrical properties of HF etched MXenes

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.flatc.2024.100806

Swati Singh, Saicharan Dharavath, Supriya Kodali, Raj Kishora Dash

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

MXenes (2-dimensional metal carbides and carbonitrides) have gained significant attention as layered materials due to their unique combination of high electrical conductivity and hydrophilic nature. In this study, titanium carbide MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) nanosheets have been synthesized by etching the MAX phase (Ti₃AlC₂) using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and subsequently delaminated using three different reagents: Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Aqueous ammonia (aq. NH₃). The impact of these delaminating agents on the structure, morphology and electrical properties of the resulting MXenes was thoroughly investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Experimental results reveal that TMAOH is more effective in achieving layer separation than DMSO and aqueous NH₃. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirm superior delamination with TMAOH, resulting in thinner, more transparent sheets than those obtained with the other agents. Raman spectroscopy further confirms successful layer separation in samples delaminated with TMAOH and DMSO with various surface functional groups including –OH, –F, and =O present on all delaminated sheets indicating that functionalization occurs during delamination. The electrical conductivity measurements results reveal that the etched MAX phase (MX3) exhibits higher electrical conductivity than the delaminated samples of identical thickness, likely due to the Grotthuss mechanism of proton conductivity playing a dominant role.

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来源期刊

FlatChem Multiple-

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

104

审稿时长

26 days

期刊介绍： FlatChem - Chemistry of Flat Materials, a new voice in the community, publishes original and significant, cutting-edge research related to the chemistry of graphene and related 2D & layered materials. The overall aim of the journal is to combine the chemistry and applications of these materials, where the submission of communications, full papers, and concepts should contain chemistry in a materials context, which can be both experimental and/or theoretical. In addition to original research articles, FlatChem also offers reviews, minireviews, highlights and perspectives on the future of this research area with the scientific leaders in fields related to Flat Materials. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: -Design, synthesis, applications and investigation of graphene, graphene related materials and other 2D & layered materials (for example Silicene, Germanene, Phosphorene, MXenes, Boron nitride, Transition metal dichalcogenides) -Characterization of these materials using all forms of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques -Chemical modification or functionalization and dispersion of these materials, as well as interactions with other materials -Exploring the surface chemistry of these materials for applications in: Sensors or detectors in electrochemical/Lab on a Chip devices, Composite materials, Membranes, Environment technology, Catalysis for energy storage and conversion (for example fuel cells, supercapacitors, batteries, hydrogen storage), Biomedical technology (drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging)