Whole rock and zircon geochemistry of the Tieshan pluton in Daye region, Eastern China: Implication for petrogenesis and Fe-Cu-Au-(Co) mineralization

IF 3.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Journal of Geochemical Exploration Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI:10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107687

Bao Zhou , Guang Wen , Run-Jie Zhou , Yue Sun , Chang-Xiong Wu , Jin Zhu , Zhi-Jun Qin , Xiao-Yang Liu , Xiao-Zeng Cheng

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Abstract

The Tieshan pluton is situated in the Daye region of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belts. It consists mainly of quartz diorite and host abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) and is associated with the renowned Daye Fe-Cu-Au-(Co) skarn deposit. The presence of disequilibrium textures in MMEs, including quenched margins, acicular apatite and elongated amphibole, provides evidence that the pluton underwent magma mixing involving mafic and felsic magma. In comparison with the Fe (4.20 wt% on average), Cu (28 ppm on average) and Co (10 ppm on average) concentrations in the quartz diorite, the Fe (7.26 wt% on average) and Cu (57 ppm on average) concentrations are doubled and Co (29 ppm on average) are tripled in MMEs. The recharge of mafic magma, therefore, likely adding significant amount of Fe, Cu and Co metals into the felsic magma, therefore enhancing the fertility of the Tieshan pluton.

Zircons from quartz diorite of the Tieshan pluton exhibit U-Pb ages of 138.2 ± 1.6 Ma and 136.9 ± 1.6 Ma, respectively. The zircon ε_Hf(t) values of the Tieshan quartz diorite (ranging from −17.6 to −16.1) closely match to those of the Cu-Fe-Au fertile granitoids in the Daye region. Zircons from the Tieshan quartz diorite display Eu/Eu* and Yb/Dy values ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 and 3.6 to 4.2, respectively. These ratios suggest substantial amphibole fractionation with minimal plagioclase fractionation and indicate high magmatic water contents. This is corroborated by the zircon oxybarometer-hygrometer analysis, which estimates the melt H₂O content to be between 8.3 and 10.3 wt%. The zircons from the Tieshan quartz diorite exhibit Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios of 67 to 201 and oxygen fugacity (logfO₂ values of ΔFMQ) from ΔFMQ+2.1 to ΔFMQ+2.8. The calculated zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios and oxygen fugacity (logfO₂) for the quartz diorite from Tieshan pluton are comparable to the values of Tonglushan Cu-Fe-Au related fertile quartz diorite, indicating the similar oxygen fugacity of the Cu-Fe-Au ore-related magmas in Daye region. Our research demonstrates that the geochemistry of whole-rock and zircon is a powerful tool for identifying granitoids with potential for skarn Fe-Cu-Au-(Co) mineralization.

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大冶地区铁山岩体全岩和锆石地球化学：岩石成因和Fe-Cu-Au-(Co)成矿意义

铁山岩体位于长江中下游成矿带大冶地区。它主要由石英闪长岩组成，含丰富的基性微粒包体，与著名的大冶铁铜金钴矽卡岩矿床有关。MMEs中存在淬灭边缘、针状磷灰石和拉长角闪洞等不平衡结构，表明该岩体经历了基性岩浆和长英质岩浆的混合作用。与石英闪长岩中Fe（平均4.20 wt%）、Cu（平均28 ppm）和Co（平均10 ppm）的含量相比，MMEs中Fe（平均7.26 wt%）和Cu（平均57 ppm）的含量增加了一倍，Co（平均29 ppm）的含量增加了三倍。因此，镁基岩浆的回灌可能为长英质岩浆增加了大量的Fe、Cu和Co金属，从而增强了铁山岩体的肥力。铁山岩体石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为138.2±1.6 Ma和136.9±1.6 Ma。铁山石英闪长岩的锆石εHf(t)值（- 17.6 ~ - 16.1）与大冶地区Cu-Fe-Au富质花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值吻合较好。铁山石英闪长岩锆石Eu/Eu*值为0.4 ~ 0.6，Yb/Dy值为3.6 ~ 4.2。这些比值表明角闪孔分馏作用显著，斜长石分馏作用极少，表明岩浆水含量高。锆石氧压计-湿度计分析证实了这一点，该分析估计熔体的水含量在8.3 - 10.3 wt%之间。铁山石英闪长岩的锆石Ce4+/Ce3+比值为67 ~ 201，氧逸度（logfO2值ΔFMQ）为ΔFMQ+2.1 ~ ΔFMQ+2.8。铁山岩体石英闪长岩的锆石Ce4+/Ce3+比值和氧逸度（logfO2）与铜绿山铜铁金富质石英闪长岩相当，表明大冶地区铜铁金成矿岩浆具有相似的氧逸度。研究表明，全岩和锆石地球化学是识别具有矽卡岩型Fe-Cu-Au-(Co)成矿潜力的花岗岩类的有力工具。

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来源期刊

Journal of Geochemical Exploration 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

7.70%

发文量

148

审稿时长

8.1 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics. Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to: define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas. analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation. evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment. trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices. assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment. determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis. assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches. Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.