{"title":"The price of carbon risk: Evidence from the Kyoto Protocol ratification","authors":"Justin Hung Nguyen , Cameron Truong , Bohui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jeem.2025.103118","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the price of carbon risk using the Kyoto Protocol ratification (hereafter KPR) committed by the Australian government in December 2007. We find that, in the post-KPR period, firms with high carbon emissions experience a substantial increase in the costs of debt and equity relative to those firms with a lower carbon footprint. Moreover, after the KPR, carbon emitters are less likely to be financed by major banks and more likely to borrow from new lenders. When conducting seasoned equity offerings, carbon emitters are more willing to use underwriting services rather than rights offerings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 103118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069625000026","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BUSINESS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We examine the price of carbon risk using the Kyoto Protocol ratification (hereafter KPR) committed by the Australian government in December 2007. We find that, in the post-KPR period, firms with high carbon emissions experience a substantial increase in the costs of debt and equity relative to those firms with a lower carbon footprint. Moreover, after the KPR, carbon emitters are less likely to be financed by major banks and more likely to borrow from new lenders. When conducting seasoned equity offerings, carbon emitters are more willing to use underwriting services rather than rights offerings.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Environmental Economics and Management publishes theoretical and empirical papers devoted to specific natural resources and environmental issues. For consideration, papers should (1) contain a substantial element embodying the linkage between economic systems and environmental and natural resources systems or (2) be of substantial importance in understanding the management and/or social control of the economy in its relations with the natural environment. Although the general orientation of the journal is toward economics, interdisciplinary papers by researchers in other fields of interest to resource and environmental economists will be welcomed.