Chang Guo , Xin Chai , Maidaiti Baerlike , Yingping Liu , Yao Wang , Fei Shao , Qingrui Huang , Weiguo Zhang , Shan Cen , Yijie Dong , Yunlong Cao , Jinghua Yan , Xuyu Zhou , Zhaolin Hua , Baidong Hou
{"title":"Comparison of antigen-specific B cell responses reveals disparity in immunogenicity and memory B cell formation across COVID-19 vaccine platforms","authors":"Chang Guo , Xin Chai , Maidaiti Baerlike , Yingping Liu , Yao Wang , Fei Shao , Qingrui Huang , Weiguo Zhang , Shan Cen , Yijie Dong , Yunlong Cao , Jinghua Yan , Xuyu Zhou , Zhaolin Hua , Baidong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various vaccine technologies have been employed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, including whole inactivated virus (WIV), recombinant protein, mRNA, and nanoparticle vaccines. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the immune responses elicited by different vaccines, we examined and compared antigen-specific B cell responses targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein. We found that the nanoparticle vaccine pathogen-like antigens-RBD (PLA-RBD) and the mRNA vaccine demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared with the WIV vaccine and the RBD-dimer, a recombinant protein vaccine. Interestingly, the WIV vaccine contains toll-like receptor ligands that enhance IgG2a/c class-switching. For the mRNA vaccine, although it induces robust germinal center responses and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, it has limited ability to induce memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. These results indicate that vaccine formats significantly influence both the quantity and quality of immune responses, providing valuable insights for the future development of vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"2 12","pages":"Pages 625-640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"hLife","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949928324000804","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Various vaccine technologies have been employed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, including whole inactivated virus (WIV), recombinant protein, mRNA, and nanoparticle vaccines. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the immune responses elicited by different vaccines, we examined and compared antigen-specific B cell responses targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein. We found that the nanoparticle vaccine pathogen-like antigens-RBD (PLA-RBD) and the mRNA vaccine demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared with the WIV vaccine and the RBD-dimer, a recombinant protein vaccine. Interestingly, the WIV vaccine contains toll-like receptor ligands that enhance IgG2a/c class-switching. For the mRNA vaccine, although it induces robust germinal center responses and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, it has limited ability to induce memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. These results indicate that vaccine formats significantly influence both the quantity and quality of immune responses, providing valuable insights for the future development of vaccines.