Bio- synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticle: Azadirachta indica and Phyllanthus acidus mediated green approach for enhanced biological efficacy

Abstract

The current research involved the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from the leaf and fruit extracts of Azaratchida indica and Phyllanthus acidus. ZnO nanoparticles exhibit diversified applications in medicine, agriculture and food industry. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) studies which showed the shape and size of nanoparticles to be spherical with 16 mm and 20 mm. Invitro biological effects of ZnO NPs were studied including antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and DNA protection nicking assay. The synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated cytotoxic effects on the cell lines at higher concentration. However, there was a significant increase in the inhibition of alpha amylase and alpha- glucosidase activity. Similar results were obtained in the study of antiinflammatory activity of ZnO NPs. The nanoparticles of ZnO showed prominent antibacterial and antifungal activity against E. coli, S aureus, K pneumoniae, S.typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergillus species respectively. DNA nicking protection assay studies have also shown pronounced anticancer effects. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicates the presence of Zn-O stretching vibrations, confirming the formation of zinc oxide bonds. These findings confirms that ZnO nanoparticles from these extracts have properties that can be used safely and efficiently.