The effect of n-butanol subfractions of Adansonia digitata and Corchorus olitorius on gamma-irradiation-induced haematological alterations and Fe3+and CO2 dysregulation

Food chemistry advances Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI:10.1016/j.focha.2024.100868

Kabir O. Bello, Hussein O.B. Oloyede, Musa O. Salawu

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Abstract

Background

Radiation increases free radical from sub-toxic to toxic concentration in rats. Free radicals attack and transformed haemoglobin from biconcave to echinocyte structure (sickling), leading to haematological alteration.This study investigated the effects of n-butanol subfractions 1, 2, 3 and 4 of A. digitata and 1, 2 and 3 of C. olitorius leaves against irradiation-induced haematological alterations in Rats.

Materials and Methods

A total of 54 rats (198 ± 5.00 g) grouped into 9 of 6 each; Group i were placed on animal feed and clean water only. Groups ii-ix were exposed to irradiation and groups ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii and ix were provided-with clean water only, 1000 mg/kg body weight subfractions 1, 2, 3 and 4 of A. digitata and 1, 2 and 3 of C. olitorius respectively for 7 days.

Results

HPLC fingerprinting of the subfractions of both leaves contained catechin, luteolin, astragalin, eleagnin, quercetin, tocopherol and others. Irradiation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased haemoglobin concentration (HBC), red blood cell count (RBC), platelets (PLT) and white blood cell (WBC) of rats, when compared with the control. Administration of the subfractions of A. digitata and C. olitorius leaves significantly (p < 0.05) increased HBC, RBC, PLT and WBC when compared with non-administered groups. The concentration of bilirubin, Fe³⁺ and CO₂ significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the irradiated rats, but were attenuated by the n-butanol subfractions of both plants.