Dual polarization characteristics of three consecutive squall lines with heavy rainfall

IF 1.8 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106404

Fujing Wan , Xiuguang Diao , Huaji Pang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Herein, the dynamic and cloud physical structure characteristics of three squall lines with heavy precipitation on May 26, 2021 (Case A), June 30, 2021 (Case B) and July 31 to August 1, 2021 (Case C) were analyzed based on S-band dual polarization weather radar data. The results showed that: (1) High concentrations of large liquid particles accumulated in the low-level strong echo areas of the three squall lines, with predominant presence on both sides of the front of the squall line. The high-value area of the echo contained melted small hail particles, whereas the bow-shaped echo area was primarily composed of small liquid particles. (2) From vertical structures, different structural characteristics were observed on the front and back of the squall line. There were K_DP and Z_DR columns on the front side of the storm. The Z_DR column exhibited a greater height compared to the K_DP column. The strong updraft zone was primarily composed of low-concentration liquid large particles, with a small amount of melted ice particles observed below the height of the −10 °C level within the Z_DR column. Above the height of 10 °C level, the Z_DR value was relatively small, mainly composed of graupel particles. Below the zone of the Z_DR high value behind the storms, there were liquid large particles and melted small hail particles. Above this height, the composition was mainly graupel or ice particles. (3) There is a certain difference in the amount of precipitation per minute, but the biggest difference is manifested in the duration of precipitation. Among them, due to the largest raindrop diameter of the squall line in Case A, Z_H and Z_DR were the largest, and the smallest Z_H and Z_DR were observed in Case C. In Case C, the precipitation exceeded 2 mm per minute. A comparison with the 1–2 mm/min range revealed that Z_DR and correlation coefficient (CC), remained essentially the same, but K_DP was larger. The high concentration of precipitation particles resulted in a significantly higher rainfall efficiency, leading to a greater intensity of precipitation per minute.

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来源期刊

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

5.30%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP) is an international journal concerned with the inter-disciplinary science of the Earth''s atmospheric and space environment, especially the highly varied and highly variable physical phenomena that occur in this natural laboratory and the processes that couple them. The journal covers the physical processes operating in the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, the Sun, interplanetary medium, and heliosphere. Phenomena occurring in other "spheres", solar influences on climate, and supporting laboratory measurements are also considered. The journal deals especially with the coupling between the different regions. Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other energetic events on the Sun create interesting and important perturbations in the near-Earth space environment. The physics of such "space weather" is central to the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics and the journal welcomes papers that lead in the direction of a predictive understanding of the coupled system. Regarding the upper atmosphere, the subjects of aeronomy, geomagnetism and geoelectricity, auroral phenomena, radio wave propagation, and plasma instabilities, are examples within the broad field of solar-terrestrial physics which emphasise the energy exchange between the solar wind, the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas, and the neutral gas. In the lower atmosphere, topics covered range from mesoscale to global scale dynamics, to atmospheric electricity, lightning and its effects, and to anthropogenic changes.