Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder supplementation prevented inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administered ovariectomized rats

Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Phytomedicine Plus Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100719

Tahsin Zahan , Mirza Alimullah , Ishrat Jahan , Md. Borhan Uddin , Khondker Ayesha Akter , Md. Junaeid Rahman , Shahnaz Siddiqua , Kamrun Nahar Ela , Sakil Amin , Khondoker Shahin Ahmed , Hemayet Hossain , Ferdous Khan , Md Ashraful Alam , Nusrat Subhan

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Abstract

Objective

Natural compounds derived from plants have demonstrated therapeutic effects in various liver-related disorders. This study explored the impact of Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder on oxidative stress and fibrosis in hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in ovariectomized rats.

Methods

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was done on Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder extract to confirm the presence of phenolic antioxidants. Female Long Evans ovariectomized rats, weighing between 220 and 260 gs, were allocated into five groups. All of the rats were sacrificed at the end of the study to examine the physiological parameters and oxidative stress markers, and tissue samples were obtained. In addition, the process of histological staining of liver sections was done for inflammation as well as tissue fibrosis.

Results

The HPLC study of Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder extract revealed the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, rutin hydrate, and rosmarinic acid. Administration of CCl₄ in rats resulted in elevated plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. Supplementing rats with Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder in CCl₄ administered rats significantly decreased the transaminase activities in plasma. CCl₄ administration in rats resulted in an elevation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) were significantly reduced by Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder supplementation in CCl₄-administered rats. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were also restored in the plasma of CCl₄-administered rats. The results are comparable to the effects of silymarin therapy in rats that were administered CCl₄. Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder also modulated the oxidative stress genes and suppressed the inflammatory genes in the liver of CCl₄-administered rats.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder supplementation can offer protective effects against liver damage induced by CCl₄. This protection is achieved by mitigating lipid peroxidation, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, alleviating fibrosis, and enhancing the cellular antioxidant system.

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