Anti-inflammatory effects of Andrographis paniculata (Fah Talai Jone) via TNFα-JNK pathway and bioactive compound identification

Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Phytomedicine Plus Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100720

Praphat Manuelo Ruengthanoo , Areeya Changthong , Pranee Sriraj , Jatuporn Prathumtet , Nutchapon Laikaew , Ratchadawan Aukkanimart

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Abstract

Background

Andrographis paniculata (Fah Talai Jone), a widely used medicinal plant in traditional medicine, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigates its bioactive compounds and their role in alleviating inflammation through the TNF-α-JNK pathway.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify bioactive compounds in A. paniculata extracts and evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects, focusing on the TNF-α-JNK pathway.

Study Design

Experimental research was conducted to assess the antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties of both ethanol (APE) and aqueous (APA) extracts of A. paniculata using in vitro methods.

Methods

Ethanol (APE) and aqueous (APA) extracts of A. paniculata were prepared and analyzed for total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and bioactive compound identification using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the sulforhodamine B assay, and the anti-inflammatory effects were assessed through cellular assays measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and JNK pathway modulation.

Results

HPLC analysis identified andrographolide as the primary bioactive compound in APE (186.6 ± 2.53 µg/mg). APE exhibited higher phenolic (8.66 ± 0.37 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (156.33 ± 4.76 mg QE/g) content compared to APA. Antioxidant assays revealed IC50 values of 11.14 ± 1.07 µg/ml for APA and 2.29 ± 0.13 µg/ml for APE. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that both extracts were non-toxic to lung cells. APE significantly reduced ROS production (68.3 ± 7.64 % at 62.5 µg/ml) and decreased JNK phosphorylation, indicating its anti-inflammatory potential.

Conclusion

Andrographis paniculata, particularly its ethanol extract, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects mediated by andrographolide. These findings support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing inflammation.

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