Unlocking the power of MOF-inspired nanomaterials: Enhancing solar cell efficiency through advanced structures and properties

Abstract

The transition to a carbon-neutral civilization relies heavily on harnessing sustainable and abundant natural energy sources like solar power. Solar energy offers an eco-friendly solution capable of meeting global energy demands, but the primary challenge lies in developing cost-effective and durable materials that can efficiently convert solar energy into electricity. Solar cells, through the photovoltaic effect, remain the most promising technology for this purpose. This paper presents a detailed review of the advancements in MOF-inspired nanomaterials and their application in solar cells, specifically focusing on dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. It covers the latest developments in MOFs and MOF-derived compositions, material architectures, synthesis techniques, and device processing methods. The paper emphasizes the roles of MOFs and their derivatives in enhancing solar cell performance, particularly as additives, electrodes, photoactive materials, and charge carriers. Moreover, it highlights the potential of MOFs to improve light absorption, charge transport, and long-term stability in solar cell devices. Additionally, we present an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities for scaling up MOF-based materials in commercial solar cell applications, offering critical insights into future directions for optimizing their performance and overcoming existing barriers.