Dynamic proton migration in dual linkage-engineered D-π-A system for photosynthesis H2O2 generation

Abstract

Accelerated charge migration and proton transfer to the reaction site are critical factors for improving photocatalytic efficiency. However, realizing both simultaneously is challenging because of the sluggish water (proton source) oxidation kinetics and interdependent redox reactions. Herein, we design an imide and hydrogen bond to connect carbon nitride ports of the D-π-A system with the dual-engineered linkages. The system uses an acetylene functional group and an imidazole ring as spatially separated water oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic centers for photogenerated charge separation, respectively. The imine bond is a bridge grafted to the oxidation site to act as a hydrogen proton trap, and the hydrogen bond formed between reduction site and carbon nitride is used as the channel for instantaneous proton delivery to the reduction center. In situ characterization confirms that the linking sites protonation optimizes the pathway of ORR to H₂O₂ and facilitates the *OOH intermediates generated. It is concluded that proton transport plays a critical role in optimizing photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. Our work provides a strategy to improve dynamic proton transfer mechanisms.