Spatial distribution of hazard index via heavy metals consumption in water from the himalayan lacustrine ecosystems

IF 3 3区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI:10.1016/j.pce.2025.103858

Said Muhammad , Tauseef Ahmed , Sehrish Amin , Cem Tokatli , Fikret Ustaoğlu , Ashfaq Ahmad , Wajid Ali , Umar Farooq

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Himalayan lacustrine ecosystems (HLEs) provide ecological services and regulate water flow in streams and rivers of various South Asian countries. The study examined HLEs for drinking and various associated risk evaluation indices and their spatial distribution. For this purpose, forty-two water samples were picked from five HLEs of Kaghan Valley, Pakistan and analyzed for the physicochemical parameters, including heavy metals. Results revealed that the water parameters studied in HLEs were within the WHO drinking guidelines. Water quality was evaluated for the heavy metals evaluation index (HEI) and chronic risks. Based on HEI values, the HLEs were classified into low to medium levels of contamination. Among heavy metals, iron (Fe) showed the maximum average daily dose values of 11.7 ± 2.08 μg/kg-day via Paye Lake (PL) water consumption. This study noted higher hazard quotient (HQ) values of 0.37 ± 0.06 for cadmium (Cd) in children via Siri Lake (SL) water consumption. Hazard index (HI) values via intake of heavy metals in studied HLEs water were observed as less than the threshold of 1.0. Heavy metals concentrations in water showed positive and negative correlations. Cluster analyses grouped the samples into four classes based on their diverse nature of contribution.

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来源期刊

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

2.70%

发文量

176

审稿时长

31.6 weeks

期刊介绍： Physics and Chemistry of the Earth is an international interdisciplinary journal for the rapid publication of collections of refereed communications in separate thematic issues, either stemming from scientific meetings, or, especially compiled for the occasion. There is no restriction on the length of articles published in the journal. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth incorporates the separate Parts A, B and C which existed until the end of 2001. Please note: the Editors are unable to consider submissions that are not invited or linked to a thematic issue. Please do not submit unsolicited papers. The journal covers the following subject areas: -Solid Earth and Geodesy: (geology, geochemistry, tectonophysics, seismology, volcanology, palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism, electromagnetism and potential fields, marine and environmental geosciences as well as geodesy). -Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere: (hydrology and water resources research, engineering and management, oceanography and oceanic chemistry, shelf, sea, lake and river sciences, meteorology and atmospheric sciences incl. chemistry as well as climatology and glaciology). -Solar-Terrestrial and Planetary Science: (solar, heliospheric and solar-planetary sciences, geology, geophysics and atmospheric sciences of planets, satellites and small bodies as well as cosmochemistry and exobiology).