A comparative analysis of Boron Removal using constructed wetlands and alternative technologies, highlighting key factors affecting constructed wetland efficiency

IF 3.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107536

Sew Keng Tan , Suriati Binti Sufian , Pui Vun Chai , Maylan Han , Mohammad Fauzi Bin Ahmad Termezi , Mohamad Fakhrul Ridhwan Samsudin

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Excessive levels of boron (B) in wastewater are problematic due to their toxicity to both plants and aquatic fauna. The removal of B is both economically burdensome and technically challenging, often requiring sophisticated methods such as adsorption and reverse osmosis. Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer a promising and cost-effective alternative for B removal. This review paper compiles the recent research on B removal, detailing key findings and identifying areas for potential enhancement. It provides a comparative analysis of CWs with other B removal technologies, evaluates the environmental impact of CWs in terms of CO₂-equivalent reduction, and examines the various pathways for B removal. Factors influencing the efficiency of B removal, such as CW type, plant selection, choice of media, hydraulic retention time (HRT), hydraulic loading rate (HLR), mass loading rate (MLR), pH, and inlet B concentrations, are thoroughly reviewed. Based on the compiled data, the recommended operating conditions to optimize B removal in CWs include an HRT of 10 to 14 days, a pH range between 6 and 10, inlet B concentrations below 20 mg/L, and a mass loading rate under 3000 mg/m² per day.

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来源期刊

Ecological Engineering 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

5.30%

发文量

293

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Ecological engineering has been defined as the design of ecosystems for the mutual benefit of humans and nature. The journal is meant for ecologists who, because of their research interests or occupation, are involved in designing, monitoring, or restoring ecosystems, and can serve as a bridge between ecologists and engineers. Specific topics covered in the journal include: habitat reconstruction; ecotechnology; synthetic ecology; bioengineering; restoration ecology; ecology conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; reclamation ecology; non-renewable resource conservation. Descriptions of specific applications of ecological engineering are acceptable only when situated within context of adding novelty to current research and emphasizing ecosystem restoration. We do not accept purely descriptive reports on ecosystem structures (such as vegetation surveys), purely physical assessment of materials that can be used for ecological restoration, small-model studies carried out in the laboratory or greenhouse with artificial (waste)water or crop studies, or case studies on conventional wastewater treatment and eutrophication that do not offer an ecosystem restoration approach within the paper.