Applications and prospects of micro/nanoelectrodes in single-cell imaging and electrochemical detection

Abstract

Single-cell electrochemical detection can reveal the underlying mechanisms that control cellular behaviors in diverse organisms. Compared to conventional electrochemical techniques, micro/nanoelectrodes are characterized by high temporal and spatial resolution, allowing precise and dynamic assessment of physiological and pathological changes in single-cell. In recent years, many micro/nano electrodes with high performance have been developed for the analysis of single-cell behaviors. Therefore, we have reviewed the application of micro/nanoelectrodes in single-cell electroanalysis. Firstly, we describe the classification, fabrication and characterization of micro/nanoelectrodes based on their features. Then, we highlight research utilizing these electrodes for in situ detection of cellular metabolite release, detection and imaging of cell membrane properties, and detection of intracellular components. In summary, we predict the future of micro/nanoelectrodes by evaluating electrode preparation methods, analytical capabilities, and associated electrochemical techniques, thereby providing valuable insights into the selection and optimization of micro/nanoelectrodes and promoting their application in single-cell behavior studies.