Recent advances of magnetic microporous organic networks in magnetic solid phase extraction

Abstract

Magnetic microporous organic networks (MMONs) integrate the unique properties of MONs and magnetic nanoparticles, emerging as a novel and advanced class of magnetic adsorbents in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). These materials have recently received considerable attention in sample pretreatment. This review provides a detailed overview of the types, synthesis methods, and modification strategies of MMONs and their composites, with a focus on recent research. The application of MMONs in the MSPE of various organic pollutants, such as drugs, pesticides, endocrine disrupting chemicals, mycotoxins, food additives, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the extraction mechanisms between MMONs and analytes are elucidated. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MMONs are discussed. This review enhances the current understanding of MMONs-based MSPE methods for various chemical pollutants as well as provides guidance for the synthesis and application of MMONs.