Global distribution and sources of uranium and fluoride in groundwater: A comprehensive review

IF 3.4 2区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Journal of Geochemical Exploration Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI:10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107665

C.N. Sridhar , M. Thirumurugan , T. Subramani , P. Gopinathan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Contamination of elements in water due to geogenic and anthropogenic activities is common around the world. Intake of contaminated water causes severe health hazards to the living community. To avoid the health hazards, World Health Organisation (WHO) has specified certain limit of the level of elements as well as ions present in the water for drinking purpose. Some common chemical contaminates in the groundwater are Uranium (U) and Fluoride (Fˉ). The intake of groundwater which is having excess amount of Uranium (U) and Fluoride (Fˉ) may lead to serious health issues. The permissible level of Uranium in water as is 30 ppb as per WHO, but in some regions due to the rock type, mining activity, chemical waste; the level of U present in water might be higher than the prescribed limit and its consumption may cause carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases. As like Uranium, Fluoride has certain limit fixed by WHO that is 1.5 ppm. If the level of Fˉ is higher than 1.5 ppm it may cause dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. To reduce the health risks due to intake of the elements or ions, the contaminated groundwater needs to be monitored and treated by means of constructing artificial recharge structures and other rainwater harvesting methods. However, certain ex-situ processes like membrane method, ion exchange, adsorption, and precipitation may be adopted to reduce or remove the contaminated elements/ions in the groundwater.

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来源期刊

Journal of Geochemical Exploration 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

7.70%

发文量

148

审稿时长

8.1 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics. Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to: define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas. analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation. evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment. trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices. assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment. determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis. assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches. Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.