Evaluating formation of interfacial nanolayer of Au/Cu with graphene nanoparticles along with magnetic-morphologies by considering CattaneoChristov heat flux dynamics

Abstract

Multilayer graphene (MLG) is essential for the development of advanced electronic devices because of its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Thus, integrating an interfacial nanolayer metallic layer is crucial for optimizing MLG's thermal properties of MLGs and their use in advanced practical applications. Some mesmerizing applications of MLG include memory devices, LED's, composite material coatings, wearable sensors, photonics, fuel cells, and water desalination. Simultaneously, the exploration of ternary nanofluids (TNF) offers transformative potential for heat transfer and fluid dynamics. By combining with metallic oxide nanoparticles, TNFs create new synergies and functionalities that enhance their performance. This research introduces advanced models, such as the CattaneoChristov heat flux (CCHF) model and magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) effects, to reveal TNFs’ latent capabilities of the TNFs. Detailed numerical analysis based on the partial differential equation system of nanolayer morphology and fluid behavior provides novel insights into optimizing heat exchange and fluid flow in porous discs. Furthermore, our study examined the complex interactions between magnetic fields, temperature gradients, and concentration profiles, offering critical insights for cutting-edge engineering applications. It is deduced from the results that the effective thermal conductivity increases up to 17.06 % in comparison to the non-effective thermal conductivity with changes in the ternary nanoparticle volume fraction from 2 % to 7 %. In addition, it is inferred that thermal flux at the surface of the lower disk increases to 4.9 % and 5.9 % with respect to the variation in the nanolayer thickness and radius of the ternary nanoparticles, respectively. The skin friction coefficient exhibits a significant increase up to 75 % in response to variation in magnetic field strength, ranging from 0.1 to 1.3. A substantial reduction in boundary-layer thickness up to 52 % is observed when the volume fraction exceeds 3 %.