Drought and flood risk mapping using a GIS-based multi-criteria decision method: A case of the Olifants Basin, South Africa

Luxon Nhamo , James Magidi , Sylvester Mpandeli , Onisimo Mutanga , Stanley Liphadzi , Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
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Abstract

Droughts and floods are climate extremes of the same hydrological cycle that need to be studied concurrently. In this age of increasing climate risks and uncertainty, droughts and floods have become the most impactful extreme climate events accounting for about 80 % of loss of human life and 70 % of economic losses in sub-Saharan Africa alone. However, research has tended to study the two climate extremes in isolation. In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a Multi-criteria Decision Method (MCDM), together with Geographic Information System (GIS) and geostatistical techniques were used to simultaneously detect and assess drought and flood risks in the Olifants River Basin in South Africa. The drought and flood risk maps were delineated and overlaid on the smallest water management units to identify sub-basins at risk of either drought or flooding. Results indicate that low-lying areas are at risk of floods but can resist drought conditions for long periods as water accumulation allows the soils to retain water for prolonged periods. Whereas high-altitude areas quickly show drought stress as the shallow soils on steep slopes are incapable of retaining water for longer periods but are generally at low risk of floods. The mapped drought and flood risk areas agree with historical and topographic data, and satellite-derived indices related to drought and floods. Understanding the close interactions between drought and floods informs inclusive and holistic strategic policy decisions on disaster risk reduction by enhancing preparedness and proactive interventions to these weather extremes.
基于gis的多准则决策方法的旱涝风险制图:以南非Olifants盆地为例
干旱和洪水是同一水循环的极端气候,需要同时研究。在这个气候风险和不确定性日益增加的时代,干旱和洪水已成为最具影响力的极端气候事件,仅在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,干旱和洪水就造成了约80% %的人类生命损失和70% %的经济损失。然而,研究倾向于孤立地研究这两种极端气候。本文采用层次分析法(AHP)、多准则决策方法(MCDM)、地理信息系统(GIS)和地质统计学技术对南非Olifants河流域的旱涝风险进行了同步检测和评估。绘制了干旱和洪水风险图,并将其覆盖在最小的水管理单元上,以确定有干旱或洪水风险的子流域。结果表明,低洼地区面临洪水的风险,但由于水分积累使土壤能够长时间保持水分,因此可以长期抵抗干旱条件。然而,高海拔地区迅速表现出干旱压力,因为陡坡上的浅层土壤无法长时间保持水分,但洪水的风险通常较低。绘制的干旱和洪水风险区域与历史和地形数据以及与干旱和洪水相关的卫星衍生指数一致。了解干旱和洪水之间的密切相互作用,可以通过加强对这些极端天气的准备和主动干预,为减少灾害风险的包容性和整体性战略决策提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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