Phenyllactic acid primed reactive oxygen species metabolism and phenylpropanoid pathway to induce resistance against Alternaria alternata in Malus domestica

IF 2.8 3区农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI:10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102588

Shuang Min , Jiaxin Liu , Canying Li , Tian Gao , Yajun Wang , Yonghong Ge

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Black spot rot, caused by the pathogen Alternaria alternata, is a prevalent disease in apple cultivation. The present study investigated the effects of phenyllactic acid (PLA) immersion on black spot rot in apples and elucidated the potential mechanisms underlying its action. Results revealed that 1.00 g L⁻¹ PLA inhibited the lesion development in A. alternata-inoculated apples. PLA resulted in a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while simultaneously increasing the levels of H₂O₂, ascorbic acid (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in apples. PLA also induced the increase in gene expressions and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHAR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate/coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in apples. Moreover, inoculation of both PLA-treated and control fruit with A. alternata led to a further increase in the levels of H₂O₂, GSH, and AsA, along with enhanced gene expressions and enzymatic activities of CAT, SOD, DHAR, GR, APX, MDHAR, POD, PPO, C4H, 4CL and PAL, compared to un-inoculated fruit. Additionally, PLA dipping increased total phenols and flavonoids contents in apples, and inoculation with A. alternata further augmented the accumulation of these bioactive compounds. Furthermore, PLA-treated fruit displayed a more rapid response to A. alternata inoculation compared to control fruit, characterized by heightened enzymatic activity, gene expression, and metabolite content. Collectively, PLA has the potential to stimulate disease resistance against A. alternata in apples through regulating major enzyme activities, gene expressions, and metabolites contents involved in reactive oxygen species and phenylpropane metabolisms.

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苯乳酸引发活性氧代谢和苯丙素途径诱导海棠对互花病菌的抗性

黑斑腐病是苹果栽培中的一种常见病害，是由互花霉引起的。本研究研究了苯乳酸（PLA）浸泡对苹果黑斑病的影响，并阐明了其作用的可能机制。结果表明，1.00 g L−1 PLA可抑制双生苹果体损伤的发生。PLA导致苹果丙二醛（MDA）含量降低，同时H2O2、抗坏血酸（AsA）和还原性谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平升高。PLA还诱导苹果超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、肉桂酸4-羟化酶（C4H）、4-香豆酸/辅酶A连接酶（4CL）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）的基因表达和酶活性升高。此外，与未接种的果实相比，接种pla处理的果实和对照对照的互花苜蓿的H2O2、GSH和AsA水平进一步升高，CAT、SOD、DHAR、GR、APX、MDHAR、POD、PPO、C4H、4CL和PAL的基因表达和酶活性也有所提高。此外，PLA浸渍提高了苹果总酚和黄酮类化合物的含量，接种交替刺草进一步增加了这些生物活性物质的积累。此外，与对照果实相比，pla处理后的果实对接种互花苜蓿的反应更快，其特征是酶活性、基因表达和代谢物含量增加。综上所述，聚乳酸有可能通过调节活性氧和苯丙烷代谢的主要酶活性、基因表达和代谢物含量来促进苹果对异花蚜的抗病性。

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来源期刊

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

7.40%

发文量

130

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology provides an International forum for original research papers, reviews, and commentaries on all aspects of the molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, histology and cytology, genetics and evolution of plant-microbe interactions. Papers on all kinds of infective pathogen, including viruses, prokaryotes, fungi, and nematodes, as well as mutualistic organisms such as Rhizobium and mycorrhyzal fungi, are acceptable as long as they have a bearing on the interaction between pathogen and plant.

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