Electrochemical urea degradation and energy co-generation using palladium and iron-based catalysts

Nivaldo G. Pereira Filho, Victoria A. Maia, Rodrigo F.B. de Souza, Almir O. Neto
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Abstract

Cyclic voltammetry and in-situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy experiments revealed that urea oxidation occurs through both faradaic direct and indirect mechanisms. The Pd/C electrocatalyst facilitated the formation of formate and NOx species, while Fe/C predominantly promoted formate formation via an indirect pathway, attributed to the high activity of iron in water activation. Polarization and power density curves indicated that both electrocatalysts degraded urea with simultaneous energy co-generation, showing comparable activity. Pd/C achieved a power density of 1.3 mW cm⁻², while Fe/C reached 1.1 mW cm⁻². Although Pd/C demonstrated advantages in reaction kinetics, the significantly lower cost of iron positions Fe/C as a promising alternative for practical applications, particularly in direct urea-fed fuel cell reactors. Additionally, Fe/C exhibited 50 % higher urea consumption near the open circuit potential compared to Pd/C, highlighting its potential for the development of more cost-effective and efficient fuel cell designs.
基于钯基和铁基催化剂的电化学尿素降解和能量热电联产
循环伏安法和原位ATR-FTIR光谱实验表明,尿素的氧化通过法拉第直接和间接机制发生。Pd/C电催化剂促进了甲酸盐和NOx的形成,而Fe/C电催化剂主要通过间接途径促进甲酸盐的形成,这归因于铁在水中的高活性活化。极化曲线和功率密度曲线表明,两种电催化剂在同时热电联产的情况下降解尿素,具有相当的活性。Pd/C的功率密度为1.3 mW cm⁻²,而Fe/C的功率密度为1.1 mW cm⁻²。尽管Pd/C在反应动力学方面具有优势,但铁的成本显著降低,使Fe/C成为实际应用的有前途的替代品,特别是在直接供尿素燃料电池反应堆中。此外,与Pd/C相比,Fe/C在开路电位附近的尿素消耗高出50% %,这突出了其开发更具成本效益和效率的燃料电池设计的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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