{"title":"Sustainable production of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD): A conceptual flowsheet","authors":"Mbuyu Ntunka , Brian Loveday","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100145","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for manganese dioxide is growing fast. A low-cost, green hydrometallurgical process is needed to make it from high- and low-grade manganese ores and secondary manganese resources. The use of high-grade manganese ores (<40%) for conventional pyrometallurgical processes or pyro-pretreatment (roasting) is becoming increasingly unsustainable because of the high carbon footprint and operational costs. Various hydrometallurgical processes have been studied and developed in recent years to recover manganese from other manganese sources (Zhang and Cheng, 2007). This paper proposes a new, energy-efficient method to produce electrolytic manganese dioxide. It eliminates the calcination step and dramatically cuts the use of scrap iron for purification. The proposed process leverages an innovative electrolytic cell design that regenerates iron (II) ions instead of generating hydrogen on the cathodes, enabling their reuse in the leaching stage. Hence, reducing the operating voltage for the electrolysis reduces power consumption. The process allows for the reduction of capital and operating costs, the optimization of resource use, and the reduction of environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782324000305","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The demand for manganese dioxide is growing fast. A low-cost, green hydrometallurgical process is needed to make it from high- and low-grade manganese ores and secondary manganese resources. The use of high-grade manganese ores (<40%) for conventional pyrometallurgical processes or pyro-pretreatment (roasting) is becoming increasingly unsustainable because of the high carbon footprint and operational costs. Various hydrometallurgical processes have been studied and developed in recent years to recover manganese from other manganese sources (Zhang and Cheng, 2007). This paper proposes a new, energy-efficient method to produce electrolytic manganese dioxide. It eliminates the calcination step and dramatically cuts the use of scrap iron for purification. The proposed process leverages an innovative electrolytic cell design that regenerates iron (II) ions instead of generating hydrogen on the cathodes, enabling their reuse in the leaching stage. Hence, reducing the operating voltage for the electrolysis reduces power consumption. The process allows for the reduction of capital and operating costs, the optimization of resource use, and the reduction of environmental impact.
对二氧化锰的需求正在快速增长。从高、低品位锰矿石和二次锰资源中制备高锰矿石,需要一种低成本、绿色的湿法冶金工艺。由于高碳足迹和运营成本,使用高品位锰矿石(40%)进行传统的火法冶金工艺或火法预处理(焙烧)正变得越来越不可持续。近年来,研究和开发了各种湿法冶金工艺,以从其他锰源中回收锰(Zhang and Cheng, 2007)。本文提出了一种新的、节能的电解二氧化锰生产方法。它消除了煅烧步骤,并大大减少了废铁净化的使用。该工艺利用了一种创新的电解电池设计,可以再生铁(II)离子,而不是在阴极上产生氢,从而使其在浸出阶段能够重复使用。因此,降低电解的工作电压可以降低功耗。该过程可以降低资本和运营成本,优化资源利用,减少对环境的影响。