Mechanical-electrochemical conversion for self-powered sensing and alterable power supply

Abstract

Flexible sensing systems with energy-autonomous capability are highly desired for the development of compact, cost-effective and multifunctional wearable electronic devices. Herein, we propose a mechanical-electrochemical conversion (MEC) device that demonstrates exceptional self-powered sensing capabilities and the ability to provide adjustable power supplies. The mechanical-electrochemical conversion device, based on a compressible solid-state zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor, effectively converts the pressure stimulus into electrochemical output signals, including voltages and powers. The MEC device exhibits high sensitivity in voltage output to pressure changes, as well as rapid response/recovery within 63/52 ms, a wide pressure detection range from 7.8 Pa to 400 kPa, and excellent durability over 10 000 cycles, making it suitable for real-time physiological detection and healthcare monitoring. Furthermore, the pressure-induced variation in power output allows the MEC device to offer adjustable energy supplies. To illustrate this capability further, the MEC device was utilized to deliver variable power for adjusting LED brightness and achieving an encrypted information transmission system. This work provides a strategic solution for the development of multifunctional flexible sensing systems with advanced power management capability.