A simple and industrially scalable process for recycling hexaferrite ceramic magnets

IF 2.9 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Open Ceramics Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI:10.1016/j.oceram.2024.100724

Alba Berja , Daniel Casaleiz , Cecilia Granados-Miralles , Karla Kosmač , Boris Saje , Tina Frangež , Slavko Dvoršak , Zoran Samardžija , Benjamin Podmiljšak , Jose Francisco Fernández , Adrián Quesada

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Abstract

The demand for hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉/SrFe₁₂O₁₉) permanent magnets is expected to rise in the next 5–10 years due to their potential as a sustainable alternative to rare-earth magnets. Currently, less than 1 % of recycling of permanent magnets occurs worldwide. This study presents a successful method for recycling strontium ferrite magnets from end-of-life household appliances, fabricating recycled bonded magnets as a first step to implement a circular economy in the value chain. This industrially scalable method optimizes comminution and annealing of recovered ceramic magnets, yielding powders with particle sizes below 2 µm. Thermal treatment at 900–1000 °C recovers competitive magnetic properties. A pilot batch of recycled hexaferrite bonded magnets, produced via injection moulding, exhibited excellent mechanical and magnetic properties, with coercivity H_cj of 190.1 kA/m, remanent polarization J_r of 234.3 mT, and maximum energy product (BH)_max of 10.4 kJ/m³, comparable to commercial ferrite bonded magnets.

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回收六铁氧体陶瓷磁体的简单和工业可扩展的过程

由于六铁体（BaFe12O19/SrFe12O19）永磁体作为稀土磁体的可持续替代品的潜力，预计未来5-10年对其的需求将会上升。目前，全球永磁体的回收利用率不到1%。本研究提出了一种从报废家用电器中回收锶铁氧体磁铁的成功方法，制造回收的粘结磁铁，作为在价值链中实施循环经济的第一步。这种工业上可扩展的方法优化了回收陶瓷磁体的粉碎和退火，产生粒径小于2微米的粉末。在900-1000°C下热处理可恢复竞争磁性能。通过注射成型法制备的中试回收六铁氧体粘结磁体，具有优异的机械性能和磁性能，矫顽力Hcj为190.1 kA/m，剩余极化Jr为234.3 mT，最大能积（BH）max为10.4 kJ/m³，与商用铁氧体粘结磁体相当。

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