How to incentive carbon capture and storage technology application in waste-to-energy industry: A facility-level integrated assessment of China

Kang Zhou , Jiayue Zhang , Mao Xu
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Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is crucial for the waste-to-energy (WtE) industry to achieve deep decarbonization goals, especially in China. However, there is a lack of understanding of the potential and costs of CCS technology in the WtE industry, particularly from the perspective of facility. Given with this situation, a facility-level integrated assessment model including CCS source-sink matching optimization model and tech-economic assessment model was developed in this study to reveal the application potential and costs of CCS technology in China's WtE industry, and to quantify the impacts of different incentive policies on CCS technology deployment. The results showed that matching WtE facilities with nearby carbon sinks enables significant CO2 reductions, ranging from 0.3 Gt annually to a cumulative 6.9 Gt over the facilities’ operational lifetimes. The emission reduction costs for all WtE facilities range from -612.9 to 506.5 CNY/t CO2, with an average profit of 412.5 CNY/t CO2 when considering enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, saline aquifer storage demands robust policy incentives due to limited direct economic benefits. Facilities with larger capacities and longer remaining lifespans are most cost-effective for CCS retrofitting. Spatial analysis underscores geographical disparities in CCS potential, with eastern coastal regions displaying greater feasibility due to higher WtE density and proximity to carbon sinks. Among incentive measures, waste disposal fee subsidies and feed-in tariffs exhibit varying efficiency, while carbon market mechanisms show potential for long-term sustainability. To promote the application of CCS technology and exert its emission reduction effect, a collaborative strategy combining market-driven carbon pricing and government subsidies should be adopted in the future, and priority should be given to the retrofitting of high-capacity and long-life facilities.
如何激励碳捕集与封存技术在垃圾发电行业的应用:中国设施层面的综合评估
碳捕集与封存(CCS)技术对于垃圾发电(WtE)行业实现深度脱碳目标至关重要,尤其是在中国。然而,人们对垃圾焚烧行业中CCS技术的潜力和成本缺乏了解,特别是从设施的角度来看。针对这一情况,本研究构建了包括CCS源汇匹配优化模型和技术经济评价模型在内的设施级综合评价模型,揭示了CCS技术在中国WtE行业的应用潜力和成本,并量化了不同激励政策对CCS技术部署的影响。结果表明,将垃圾焚烧设施与附近的碳汇相匹配,可以显著减少二氧化碳排放,在设施的使用寿命内,每年减少0.3亿吨至累计减少69亿吨。所有WtE设施的减排成本范围为-612.9 - 506.5元/t CO2,考虑提高采收率(EOR),平均利润为412.5元/t CO2。然而,由于直接经济效益有限,咸水蓄水需要强有力的政策激励。容量更大、剩余寿命更长的设施对CCS改造最具成本效益。空间分析强调了CCS潜力的地理差异,东部沿海地区由于WtE密度较高且靠近碳汇,显示出更大的可行性。在激励措施中,废物处理费补贴和上网电价补贴表现出不同的效率,而碳市场机制显示出长期可持续性的潜力。为促进CCS技术的应用并发挥其减排效果,未来应采取市场驱动的碳定价与政府补贴相结合的协同战略,并优先考虑对大容量、长寿命设施进行改造。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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