Chemoprofiling and Antimalarial potentials of methanol extract of Solanum dasyphyllum against Plasmodium berghei infected mice

Abstract

Solanum dasyphyllum has traditionally been used as antivenom, painkiller, antipyretic and anticonvulsant ethnomedically, claim that the plant's large amount of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, is what provides it with its antimalarial activity. This study investigates the Chemo-Profiling of the methanol extract of Solanum dasyphyllum (MESD) leaves by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and its antimalarial activity in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Solanum dasyphyllum leaves were extracted with 80 % methanol, HPLC and FT-IR finger print were conducted on the extract using established methods. Seventy five Swiss mice, infected with Plasmodium beghei (NK65) were divided into five groups (n = 5), in 4-day suppressive test (4-DST), prophylaxis test (PT), and curative test (CT). The mice were treated orally with 1 % Tween80 (control), methanol extract of Solanum dasyphyllum (MESd) 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg and chloroquine (10 mg/kg). The different compounds identified in the leaves of methanol extract of Solanum dasyphyllum by HPLC and FT-IR were nine and five bands respectively. The MESd 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, (24.0, 49.0 and 66.0 % and 14.0 %, 55.0 % and 71.0 %) demonstrated significant percentage chemosuppresion compared to control in 4-DST and PT respectively. In CT, mean survival time of MESd 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, (16.0 ± 1.0, 23.3 ± 0.9 and 25.3 ± 1.2 days) significantly increased relative to control (10.3 ± 0.5 days) respectively. The conclusion of the present study suggested the antimalarial potential of methanol extract of Solanum dasyphyllum leaves might be due to different important constituents revealed by chemo profiling.