{"title":"In vivo hepatoprotective evaluation of Selaginella bryopteris ethanolic extract against CCl4 mediated free radical induced liver damage","authors":"Deena Prakash , Divya Bisht , Brijesh Shivhare , Maneesha Pandey , Ramesh Kumar , Arvind Kumar Shakya","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100141","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Selaginella bryopteris</em> (L.) also known as Sanjeevani, is a traditional medicinal herb used in treating liver diseases at its native place. It is scientifically unexplored herb for the treatment of various diseases including liver diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of <em>Selaginella bryopteris</em> (SBEE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) induced liver damage in rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Hepatoprotective activity of SBEE was evaluated at three doses i.e., 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg <em>p.o.</em> against CCl<sub>4</sub> (1.5 ml/kg <em>i.p.</em>) exposure once only in male Wistar rats. After 24 hours of the last treatment, all the experimental animals were euthanized to collect blood and liver tissue for the analysis of blood and tissue biochemistry parameters along with histopathological analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) intoxication in animals significantly elevated hepatospecific markers such as AST, ALT, LDH, and bilirubin in the bloodstream. Administration <em>of Selaginella bryopteris</em> ethanolic extract (SBEE) at doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg restored these markers in a dose-dependent manner. The increased tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) and depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in CCl<sub>4</sub> treated rats were also significantly restored by SBEE therapy (p ≤ 0.05). Histological analysis supported these biochemical findings, showing dose-dependent recovery of liver cellular architecture in SBEE-treated groups compared to the CCl₄-intoxicated group. The dose dependent hepatoprotective effects of SBEE were comparable to those observed with the positive control group treated with Silymarin. The 750 mg/kg dose of SBEE showed the most pronounced recovery in serological liver markers, tissue biochemical parameters, and histological integrity, as confirmed by statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that ethanolic extract of <em>Selaginella bryopteris</em> exhibits liver protection by ameliorating the blood and tissue biochemical markers with improved the cellular morphology against CCl<sub>4</sub> induced damage. This protective effects of SBEE are likely due to the synergistic effect of its phytochemical constituents which contribute to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950199725000011","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background
Selaginella bryopteris (L.) also known as Sanjeevani, is a traditional medicinal herb used in treating liver diseases at its native place. It is scientifically unexplored herb for the treatment of various diseases including liver diseases.
Purpose
The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Selaginella bryopteris (SBEE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in rat model.
Materials and methods
Hepatoprotective activity of SBEE was evaluated at three doses i.e., 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg p.o. against CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg i.p.) exposure once only in male Wistar rats. After 24 hours of the last treatment, all the experimental animals were euthanized to collect blood and liver tissue for the analysis of blood and tissue biochemistry parameters along with histopathological analysis.
Results
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) intoxication in animals significantly elevated hepatospecific markers such as AST, ALT, LDH, and bilirubin in the bloodstream. Administration of Selaginella bryopteris ethanolic extract (SBEE) at doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg restored these markers in a dose-dependent manner. The increased tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) and depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in CCl4 treated rats were also significantly restored by SBEE therapy (p ≤ 0.05). Histological analysis supported these biochemical findings, showing dose-dependent recovery of liver cellular architecture in SBEE-treated groups compared to the CCl₄-intoxicated group. The dose dependent hepatoprotective effects of SBEE were comparable to those observed with the positive control group treated with Silymarin. The 750 mg/kg dose of SBEE showed the most pronounced recovery in serological liver markers, tissue biochemical parameters, and histological integrity, as confirmed by statistical analysis.
Conclusions
These results suggest that ethanolic extract of Selaginella bryopteris exhibits liver protection by ameliorating the blood and tissue biochemical markers with improved the cellular morphology against CCl4 induced damage. This protective effects of SBEE are likely due to the synergistic effect of its phytochemical constituents which contribute to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect.
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