Calendula officinalis - A comprehensive review

Abstract

Calendula officinalis, also known as pot marigold, is a member of the composite family (Asteraceae) and is important for the treatment of various diseases. It has a long history as a traditional remedy for inflammation, ulcers, skin and digestive problems, nervousness, insomnia and many other ailments. Calendula contains a wide range of constituents, including lipids, terpenoids, carotenoids, coumarins and quinones. Several studies have scientifically confirmed the plant's medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, healing, regenerative, antimicrobial, anticancer, antigenotoxic and genotoxic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, antioxidant, spasmogenic and spasmolytic, antiprotozoal, anthelmintic, acaricidal, antiviral, anti-ageing, photoprotective, and immunostimulant effects. Its therapeutic potential has been tested in clinical trials, where it was found to be effective in ulcers, radiodermatitis, burn wounds, oropharyngeal mucositis, plague, and gingivitis, with no toxicity. As a result, it is included in many medicines, but it is also used in the food industry because its flowers are edible and can be used fresh in salads or dried as a dye. The aim of this study is to provide detailed information on the distribution of marigold, its botanical characteristics, cultivation practises, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.