CuI-Graphene nanocomposite catalyzed synthesis of chromene derivatives under ultrasound irradiation and Evaluation of antioxidant activity

Abstract

A suitable and high yield approach for manufacturing of dihydrochromeno[h]chromenes is achieved via the direct assembly of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile with a molar ratio of 1:2:2, using CuI-graphene nanocomposite as an effective reuseable catalyst in aqueous medium under sonic condition. Several factors, such as ultrasonication power and duration, different solvents, and catalysts, were investigated in order to achieve the optimal processing conditions. This process’s outstanding product yields (85–93 %), rapid reaction time (20 min), reusable catalyst (four times), and ease of operation are its main advantages. It also uses an efficient combination of water as a green solvent and ultrasonic irradiation as an alternative energy source. some of the produced compounds’ antioxidant qualities were also investigated. The test compounds with the greatest antioxidant effects were 4f(C₃₀H₂₀N₄O₄) and 4e(C₃₂H₁₈N₆O₂).