Emerging perovskite-based catalysts for sustainable and green ammonia production: A promising hydrogen energy carrier

Abstract

Ammonia (NH₃) presents a comprehensive energy storage solution for future energy demands. Its synthesis plays a pivotal role in the chemical industry, acting as a fundamental precursor for fertilizers, explosives, and a wide range of industrial applications. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring novel catalyst materials to enhance the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of NH₃ production technologies. Among these materials, perovskite-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique properties. This review article aims to provide a sharp and short understanding of the role of perovskite-based catalysts in emerging NH₃ production technologies and to stimulate further research and innovation in this rapidly evolving field. It provides an overview of recent advances in the synthesis and characterisation of perovskite-based catalysts for NH₃ production in terms of structural properties, and catalytic performance of perovskite catalysts in NH₃ synthesis. The review also discusses the underlying mechanisms involved in NH₃ production on perovskite surfaces, highlighting the role of surface chemistry, and electronic structure. Furthermore, the review examines the potential applications and prospects of perovskite-based catalysts in NH₃ production technologies. It explores opportunities for integrating perovskite catalysts into existing NH₃ synthesis processes, as well as the development of process configurations to maximise the efficiency and sustainability of NH₃ production.