Piezoelectric energy harvesting in agricultural machinery: Impact of PZT configurations and rectification techniques on power generation

Abstract

This research extensively characterizes piezoelectric materials, specifically PZT (lead zirconate titanate) tablets, for energy harvesting in agricultural machinery. The study investigates various configurations series, parallel, and hybrid arrangements (series/parallel and parallel/series) of PZT tablets integrated into a mass-spring system to optimize energy harvesting efficiency. In addition, two energy conditioning systems were explored: full-wave rectification and commercial modules, with a detailed evaluation of their impact on system performance. The energy harvesting setup included a platform with 25 PZT pellets on a PLA (polylactic acid) plate. Each PZT tablet was connected to an individual spring, forming a single degree of freedom system to enhance energy capture. Experimental trials with an electromechanical vibrator analyzed voltage, current, and power parameters. Findings revealed that the highest power generation occurred under resonance conditions, irrespective of the specific configuration, rectification approach, or PZT arrangement. The analysis demonstrated that series and hybrid configurations notably increased energy output compared to parallel arrangements. Notably, the most promising configuration involved diode bridge signal rectification combined with a hybrid arrangement of PZT tablets: 5 sets of 5 PZTs interconnected in parallel and then in series. This configuration has significant potential for energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations, with applications extending beyond agricultural machinery to other engineering fields requiring low-cost, efficient energy solutions. This research contributes crucial insights into the use of piezoelectric materials, addressing limitations in previous studies by providing a comprehensive analysis of PZT configurations and diode bridge signal rectification methods. The findings emphasize practical applications and advancements in sustainable energy harvesting, highlighting the potential for broader impact across various domains.