Estado actual del tratamiento antirretroviral

Abstract

Since the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1983, both the epidemiology and the prognosis of HIV infection have changed notably thanks to the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Currently, the development of effective ART has changed the natural history the infection, allowing for people living with HIV (PLHIV) to have a life expectancy similar to that of the general population. The administration of ART is universal for all PLHIV, with very similar starting regimen among the main clinical guidelines. Certain special situations in which ART must be modified must be taken into account. The aim is to achieve viral suppression and revert the immunosuppressed state with the least toxicity possible while monitoring probable interactions among the various antiretroviral agents. New drugs are being developed that allow for long-term administration and which will also become an alternative in cases of virologic failure. What's more, the use of antiretrovirals in HIV prevention prior to exposure in situations of risk has allowed for decreasing the transmission of this infection.