Emerging trends in tackling microplastics in wastewater systems: Insights from a global research perspective

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) represent a critical environmental challenge in wastewater systems, posing significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This bibliometric study aims to comprehensively map the research landscape of MPs in wastewater by analyzing 2255 publications from the Scopus database between 2009 and 2024. The findings reveal a substantial increase in research output, peaking at 539 studies in 2024, which underscores a growing global concern regarding the environmental impacts of MPs. China emerges as the leading contributor with 722 articles and 29,433 citations, while "Environmental Science" is identified as the predominant discipline, accounting for 44.2 % of the studies. "Water Research" is the most prolific journal in this field, contributing 139 publications and 15,844 citations. The analysis identifies key types of MPs present in wastewater, including polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Common analytical methods for detecting these pollutants include FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, which are essential for their characterization. The study highlights critical issues, such as the ecological implications of plastic pollution, the role of MPs in antibiotic resistance, and their transport mechanisms through wastewater systems. Major treatment methods identified include activated sludge and anaerobic digestion, while innovative strategies like adsorption and biochar utilization are emphasized as vital for enhancing treatment effectiveness. Notably, the findings reveal a disparity between publication volume and citation impact, exemplified by influential authors like Browne M.A., who, despite fewer publications, have garnered significant recognition. The study also points to emerging research opportunities, including the need for improved risk assessment methodologies and enhanced monitoring techniques for MPs.