Chloride ion binding in cementitious materials: A review of influencing factors and control methods

Abstract

Free chloride ions significantly weaken the durability of cementitious materials, making the understanding of chloride ion binding mechanisms crucial for enhancing material performance. This paper systematically reviews the primary mechanisms of chloride ion binding (physical binding and chemical binding), influencing factors (different ions, pH, temperature, electric field and additive), and control methods (addition of mineral and nanomaterials). The findings suggest that further exploration of potential chloride ion binding mechanisms, development of advanced materials such as modified LDH and carbon dots, and the impact of multi-factor coupling on binding mechanisms are key directions for future research. This paper aims to deepen researchers' understanding of chloride ion binding behavior and provides practical references for improving the durability of cementitious materials in chloride environments.