Toxic effects of PFOA on Nitzschia palea and its apoptosis mechanism

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI:10.1016/j.algal.2025.103892

Qiuna Zhu , Parizat Asimtul , Jinyu Bai , Fengyang Sui , Xinxin Lu , Xiaoxue Mei , Yan Liu , Chunyu Jiang , Xuesong Wang , Chunhua Song , Yawen Fan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigates the acute toxicity effects and apoptosis mechanisms of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on Nitzschia palea (N. palea), aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the joint risk assessment of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in aquatic ecosystems. N. palea was exposed to PFOA concentrations ranging from 0 to 320 mg·L⁻¹, and the effects of exposure on cell density, Chl a, antioxidant systems, and cell morphology were analyzed. The results showed that the 96-h EC50 of PFOA-induced N. palea was 90 mg·L⁻¹. PFOA concentrations of ≤40 mg·L⁻¹ promoted algal reproduction, while higher doses inhibited growth. Optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed that some N. palea cells had distinctly raised or depressed shell edges. The increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant substances (SOD, CAT, and GSH) indicated that PFOA induced oxidative stress. Based on flow cytometry and AO/EB morphological observations, PFOA was found to induce apoptosis in N. palea cells. Transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that PFOA promotes the expression of mitochondria-associated apoptosis-related genes (NpCyt C, NpCaspase-3, and NpCaspase-9) in N. palea. This indicates that PFOA enhances the production of ROS in N. palea. Moreover, it initiates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by upregulating the expression of NpCyt C.

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来源期刊

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

7.80%

发文量

332

期刊介绍： Algal Research is an international phycology journal covering all areas of emerging technologies in algae biology, biomass production, cultivation, harvesting, extraction, bioproducts, biorefinery, engineering, and econometrics. Algae is defined to include cyanobacteria, microalgae, and protists and symbionts of interest in biotechnology. The journal publishes original research and reviews for the following scope: algal biology, including but not exclusive to: phylogeny, biodiversity, molecular traits, metabolic regulation, and genetic engineering, algal cultivation, e.g. phototrophic systems, heterotrophic systems, and mixotrophic systems, algal harvesting and extraction systems, biotechnology to convert algal biomass and components into biofuels and bioproducts, e.g., nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, plastics, etc. algal products and their economic assessment